Re-Submitted Work

180o Rule - Its important not to cross the line of vision between two characters, unless the viewer sees the viewpoint across the line.





This picture shows the 180o line two people would be either sat or stood there and you could only film from one line so that the viewer can make sense of the scene. Crossing the line will make it look like the character have moved position and confused the audience.

Continuity in Editing - Continuity editing refers to arranging the sequence of shots to suggest a progression of events in a logical way. For example in one shot someone picks up a phone with there left hand and the shot changed and they was holding it in there right hand that would be different and confuse the audience if they looked closely.You can’t put the camcorder anywhere, edit randomly chosen shots together, and expect the result to make sense. You have to make sure that the continuity is maintained each time an edit is made.

Parrallel Editing - Parallel Editing is two or more sets of action to unfold within a single film sequence. It creates tension, multiple points of view and dramatic irony when the characters in the video doesn't know what is going on away from the main action. Parallel editing also makes two different actions happen at the same time but doesn't confuse the viewer on what is happening.

Manipulation of Space and Time - In editing manipulation of space and time in editing the techniques to use for time would be to have a flashbacks of memories to show time change, fastforward a sequence to show that time is moving, you can use fade in or out to show time has past and now there is something different. To show space you could show a deep focus where someone far away would be more clear but the person closer to the camera would be out of focus or shallow focus where the person closest would be in focus and the person furthest away out of focus.

Motivated Edit - a motivated edit is one that alludes to something not in the frame and then cuts to that item or event. For example the main character in the music video would hear a sound but not see where it comes from, the sound occours again the character looks but doesn't see it then the video would show the sound and what made the sound and how that will relate to the character.


Cutaways - Cutaways are often used to help assemble a longer sequence. Cutaways are related to the main action or a cutaway in the same place as the action happening. Cutaways are used to adjust the pace of the action and to conceal deleted scenes that wasn't needed. To break continunity cutaways are used to show the viewer a different angle into what is going on in the shot.

Lecturer feedback - areas for improvement

You have described the development and some principles of editing (although not always correctly). 15.1P In order to achieve a Merit, you must first research the following techniques and principles of editing and give a correct explanation:manipulation of space and time; 180o rule; continuity in editing; parrallel editing; a motivated edit; and a cutaway. Give good and correct examples to demonstrate your understanding.

You have outlined some of the main purposes music videos briefly referring to one example. 28.1P order to achieve 28.1M, you need to explain the purpose of music videos in much more detail using a more detailed example. We know that bands make videos to make money, but how does this happen? Why else might they make videos? What is synergy between media industries?

You have described the styles, conventions and techniques of three music videos (although not from very different genres) using some subject terminology. 28.2P In order to a achieve a Merit, you need explain the styles, conventions and techniques employed in such a way as to show how or why they are used with reference to appropriate examples. It would help you if you chose videos from very different types of genres so that it will be much more clear to you the differences in conventions and techniques (for example - country/classical/pop...)

Editing Techniques

How editing techniques have developed in Music Videos

In Camera Editing - Before editing came along when creating a music video or film they had to shoot each scene in the correct order so that it played in the correct order when used to view to the public. Now days because of editing equipment we can shoot each scene a few times to get it right and not in the same order so when we go to edit we can cut parts out and sequence the video together.

Following the Action - Following the action of events as it plans out, if there is a dramatic part in the video then they would film it while its happening. In editing now we can use cuts and create the scene as we want it so it looks more realistic and with the cuts in the right places it shows more of what is happening in the video.

Multiple Points of View - Is when different story lines are going in the music video but you can see this through the persons eyes or split screen so that you see different situations but on the same screen but done in a way so that the viewer doesn't get confused.

Shot Variation - Different shots can show a different atmosphere in the video, with long shots its shows the locations and what is happening in full view, with close up shots you can see more what the character in the video is doing and what they think of the situation with there facial expressions. There is also panning shots in which you can see the whole of the location without the shot being changed to different long shots.

Manipulation of Time and Space - The longer the audience sees a scene the more they understand from the frame, the amount of space they see while using a long shot also helps them understand what is going on, now days we can set the camera and let it stay there a while and edit what we think is most important for them to see.

Editing Principles and how they might apply to Music Videos

Story Telling - Most music videos don't make sense to the song they are actually singing to, it could be random for example - Lady Gaga - Telephone has different scenes in which doesn't remotely relate to what the music is about. How ever some videos relate to the lyrics they are singing for example - Taylor Swift - Love Story portrays two people falling in love for each other waiting on balconies dressed up as its based on a Romeo and Juliet theme.

Combination of Shots - Depending on the genre or type of song playing there is a variety of different shots used, sometimes music videos are of the band at a concert and some behind the sense shots, if this is the case they are usually long shots of the whole stage and of the crowd or close up of there faces. With slow pacing songs they usually concentrate on getting the scene in using edits to show what is going on and how the people in the video is feeling at that moment in time by using mainly shots of themselves.

180o Rule - In music videos you expect the characters to have the same relationship through out unless in the lyrics they either fall out or make up so when different shots come into focus you expect the relationship to be the same, when the shots move you want them in the same place and when the shot does move it either goes behind them or in front so as not to make the edit harder or look out of place.

Creating Pace - Depending on the type of genre the music video is the pace of editing will be different to each, if its a rock music video the pace will be fast due to the beat, the edits will match to the way the sound goes if it was a slow song then less edit cuts will be put in until needed and created with a different pace.

Describe Editing Techniques

Continuity - This is where the same part happens again and again for example wearing the same clothes or the same edit is used again like the same cut away. For example this music video from Paramore - Ignorance shows a continued shot of the band playing and with there instruments and only a few cut aways of different shots and people. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OH9A6tn_P6g

Motivated - When the audience hears a lyric they understand and expect to be portrayed in the music video a good example of this is in You Me At Six - Underdog, there's a lyric mentioning three is a crowd and there's two people stood together being cosy and one person walking away from the scene like she is the odd one out making a crowd. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OH9A6tn_P6g

Jump Cutting - Jump cutting is when the editing changes in an instant one minute the mood is fine and relaxed to the next thing the mood has changed dramatically and there's a problem everywhere. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NU9JoFKlaZ0 even though this song isn't a majour jump shot as it takes a few minutes to kick in it shows the loved up couple at the start arguing later about going to war.

Montage - Is clips put together to create an atmosphere in some videos it could be of people being happy together having a good time shown through out the video. This examples shows the screen is split up into little pictures each showing a picture of the band and different pictures in the shot http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HvcOuExmeJg

Parallel Editing - This shows the audience what is going on but the character in the video doesn't know what is happening until she gets to the shot of what we are seeing, so we know that there is suspense in what we are going to be seeing unfold. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5fcAns_hqtM this video I am using again as it shows two girls fighting over a man and while one goes out the picture another moves in and neither know what is going on.

Cross Cutting - When editing with cross cutting the same imagine is shown on the screen but in separate locations, looks the same but the singer or what ever is happening in the scene is in the 'same' place but actually not.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XDvePB2Gz7o This Kelly Clarkson video cross cuts from her singing in a studio to a car to a bathroom all edited quickly

Point Of View Shot - In a music video this would show what we see from the main characters point of view so what ever the main person see's we would also see.

Shot Reserve Shot - Shows both reactions from two people, used in conversations they would show one persons reaction and use a reserve shot to show the other persons reaction shot.

Cutaways - Cutaways show different scenes in the video that isn't of the band playing instruments or singing, it shows random people relating to the video. Cutaways break up the music video so that it isn't too bland. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h76uVRSJ5bc this music Video of Mcfly is a shot of the band playing at the start with an audience around them the first Cutaway is of a girl on the sofa watching the band on T/V

Transitions - Is what is put in between clips so that the clips run smoothly and in time with the music video, there is many ways you can use transitions with a music video, fading out, coming in from the corners, cross fades, over laps. Music videos don't really use transitions as quick cuts are more effective in the videos.

Three Music Videos

You Me At Six - Genre - Pop Punk -
Save it for the bedroom

You Me At Six have two different music videos for this song, one of the video is a promotional video at two of there concerts, the video also shows fans in the background and in the audience having a good time. The purpose of the music video is to promote the band so that the audience see's what there concerts are like so they raise ticket sales and what there music is like.

The production techniques used is filming two different live concerts and linking them together, filming the excited crowd in the audience and outside the concert waiting to go in and see them, this was used to show what the band is like live and how much fun audiences and themselfs have when they perform.

The mood they leave feeling in this video is a good atmosphere, feels like you want to go and join them in the concert let your hair down and have a good time.

There other video for Save It For The Bedroom is a vidoe based on a T/V chat show about people with fake funny problems, the 'host' just stands around being funny pulling faces while the band play in the background with an audience cheering them on. The band also dress up as the characters on the show some dressed as woman, this shows a sence of humour in the band and that they like to have a laugh doing there videos.

Dido - Genre - Pop, Trip Hop, Alternative Rock

White Flag

The start of this video is simple and shows the artist at home sat on the bed and its filmed there until she moves around the room to look at pictures, between these shots there is also a man to whom we as the audience believes she is referring too, this is done so that the video links these two together and we get a picture as to what has gone on. When the shots do move from a simple one of her sitting on the bed it shows her walking down the street to a place she wants to go, the camera moves around her so it shows her facial expressions and what she is thinking, the music video portrays her as famous already as she does autographs for people in the street. The two main people portrayed in this music video do identical things, the purpose of this video is to show that two people can be connected in a way but never meet but just want each other. The techniques used is having a shot of the characters together doing the same thing but not knowing the other is there and living next to each other showing it through the windows of the apartments.

Flo Rida - Genre Rap

Low

The whole of this music video is based in a club, with men and woman dancing to the beat of the music the only other shot in this video is two people sat on top of a car singing along to the music. The point of this music video is to show that this kind of music is mainly played in clubs and the kind of music you dance along to. Its also the music video for a film named Step Up which is a dance film, so showing the people in the background dancing also relates to the movie.

Purposes to Music Video's

Why Do Bands Make Music Videos?


Promotional - DVD / CD, Web download

Product Strategy - Record labels, artists, independent producer

Outlets - Websites - myspace, youtube

Music - magazines, MTV

Music Channel - extensions of income

Awards - films, T/V programmes, soundtrack

Artistic Interpretation

Extensions of Income

There are many reasons to why music videos are used, the main one is promotion, people who always watch shows like MTV or Kerrang will watch a video and think that is was made well done and become interested in the song due to how the video was made. New bands will mainly make videos featuring themselves to put themselves out there. Mainly music videos don't relate to the actual song they are random and non related but this usually draws people in. Lady Gaga's music videos are genrallly unusual but because of this more fans will be interested in what there work is like.